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Isobaric process is a process during which the pressure P remains constant.

Isochoric process (isometric process) is a process during which the specific volume v
remains constant.

Isolated system is a closed system in which energy is not allowed to cross the boundary.

Isometric process (see isochoric process).

Isothermal process is a process in which the temperature is maintained constant.

Joule (J) is a unit of energy and has the unit “newton-meter (N·m).”

Kelvin is the temperature unit of the Kelvin scale in the SI.

Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics is expressed as follows:
It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to receive heat from a single
reservoir and produce a net amount of work. This statement can also be expressed as no
heat engine can have a thermal efficiency of 100 percent, or as for a power plant to
operate, the working fluid must exchange heat with the environment as well as the
furnace.

Kinetic energy K E is energy that a system possesses as a result of its motion relative to
some reference frame. When all parts of a system move with the same velocity, the
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kinetic energy is expressed as KE = m V /2.
Mach number, named after the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach (1838–1916), is the ratio
of the actual velocity of the fluid (or an object in still air) to the speed of sound in the
same fluid at the same state.

Manometer is a device based on the principle that an elevation change of ∆z of a fluid
corresponds to a pressure change of ∆P/ ρg, which suggests that a fluid column can be
used to measure pressure differences. The manometer is commonly used to measure
small and moderate pressure differences.

Mass flow rate is the amount of mass flowing through a cross section per unit time.
Mechanical efficiency of a device or process is the ratio of the mechanical energy
output to the mechanical energy input.

Mechanical energy is the form of energy that can be converted to mechanical work
completely and directly by an ideal mechanical device such as an ideal turbine.

Newton (N), in SI, is the force unit defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of
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1 kg at a rate of 1 m/s .

Open system is any arbitrary region in space through which mass and energy can pass
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