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PART 2

         Task1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
         By  turning  switches  and  plugging  and  unplugging  cables,  be
         credited,  inconveniences  of  ‘external’  programming,  obvious,
         ‘remaining’  data,  however,  a  strict  distinction,  a  bus,  functional
         specification.

         Task  2.  Create  your  own  sentences  using  the  above  mentioned
         words and phrases.

         TEXT 2
              GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
               The  Von  Neumann  architecture  describes  the  structure  on
         which  most  of  today’s  computers  are  built.  Although  the  ENIAC
         computer could be programmed, entering programs or changing them
         was a difficult procedure as it needed to be programmed manually by
         turning  switches  and  plugging  and  unplugging  cables.  The
         mathematician John von Neumann (1903–1957) is generally credited
         with the  idea of storing the program code together with the stored
         data to overcome the inconveniences of ‘external’ programming.
               In 1945 the concept of the ‘stored program’ was first suggested
         as  the  basis  for  the  design  of  the  EDVAC  (Electronic  Discrete
         Variable Computer), and in 1946 the IAS computer was developed at
         the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies. This machine was only
         completed  in  1952,  but  its  structure  is  still  considered  to  be  the
         original basis for today’s computers’ architecture. You might think
         this is obvious: of course programs are stored with the ‘remaining’
         data. However, try to understand that in the early days of computing
         a strict distinction was made between the data that was stored and the
         ‘processing methods’ (programs) that were applied to manipulate the




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