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The term “architecture” in computer literature can be traced to
the work of Lyle R. Johnson, Muhammad Usman Khan and
Frederick P. Brooks, members in 1959 of the Machine Organization
department in IBM’s main research center. Johnson had the
opportunity to write a proprietary research communication about the
Stretch, an IBM-developed supercomputer for Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory. He noted that his description of formats, instruction
types, hardware parameters, and speed enhancements was at the level
of “system architecture” – a term that seemed more useful than
“machine organization.”
Subsequently, Brooks, a Stretch designer, wrote that
“Computer architecture, like other architecture, is the art of
determining the needs of the user of a structure and then designing to
meet those needs as effectively as possible within economic and
technological constraints.” Brooks went on to help develop the IBM
System/360 (now called the IBM zSeries) line of computers, in
which “architecture” became a noun defining “what the user needs to
know”.

Task 3. Do you remember the English equivalents of the
following words and word combinations?
Визначати, припускати, пов'язаний, кластерне обчислення, бути
знайденим в джерелах, власна наукова передача, збільшення
швидкості, згодом, визначати потреби, технологічні обмеження.

Task 4. Answer the following questions?
1. What is the art of computer architecture?
st
2. What are the examples of the 1 documented computer
architecture?
3. What does the term “architecture” mean in computer literature?
4. Who developed the IBM Systems/360 line of computers?

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