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Landfill – підземне поховання
Predicament – труднощі
Incinerator – піч для спалення сміття
Ash – попіл

II. Read and translate the text:

1. Introduction. Many years ago man lived in harmony with nature, because
industry was not much developed. Today, however, the contradictions between

man and nature are dramatic. Every year world industry emits into the atmosphere
about 1000 million tons of soot and other harmful substances. The acid-rain

problem has spread rapidly in recent years, and experts fear the situation will

worsen if the nations begin to burn more coal to generate electricity. People of
many countries suffer from smog. Forests are disappearing. Water pollution in

oceans, seas, lakes and rivers, air pollution and the destruction of the ozone layer
could lead our planet to a global disaster. The Earth is our home, that’s why we

must take care of it, for ourselves and for the generations to come. We must keep

our environment clean.

2. Air pollution. Usually two or three factors combine to form air pollution in any
given location. The first factor is large amounts of carbon monoxide and

hydrocarbons emitted by motor vehicles concentrated in a relatively small area.

The second is the smoke and other pollutants emitted by manufacturing facilities.
These two factors can be partially eliminated through pollution-control devices on

acres, trucks, and smokestacks.
The third factor that contributes to air pollution – one that cannot be changed – is

the combination of weather and geography.
How effective is air pollution control? Most authorities agree that there has been

progress since the mid-1970s. A number of countries have cleaner air today than

they had twenty years ago. Numerous chemical companies have recognized that
they must take responsibility for operating their plants in an environmentally safe

manner. Some of them now devote as much as 20 percent of their capital
expenditures to purchasing antipollution devices. However, air levels of sulfur

dioxide and nitrogen dioxide – the main elements that cause acid rain – as well as
of soot continue to increase.